will.18 But even here James has touched the Story with singular impact: James reads and renders the Torah in the way Jesus taught it, namely through the combination of loving God (1:12) and loving others (1:25; 2:8–11). In other words, when it comes to ethics James reads and interprets and applies the Torah through the lens of the Shema (Deut 6:4–9) and the command to love our neighbor as ourselves (Lev 19:18).19 That James interprets ethics in the key of Shema is telling for how to comprehend his
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